Tracker and other non-streamed audio formats

Continuing my blog series about ancient file formats, today I want to have a look at tracker and other non-streamed audio formats. On my last blog entry, someone pointed me to the fact that calling the C64 SID format a tracker format is quite inaccurate, so I mention the "other" formats for clarity. (And I apologize and ask for comments if I write anything wrong here, most of it is from a time before I was into those things)

Last time I talked about streamed audio formats. The basic idea with streamed audio formats is that you have a data representation of the audio waves. This is how most modern audio formats like mp3 or ogg work. This approach works well today, but it was not feasible on older computers, because it takes lots of memory. So old audio formats store some kind of meta information that a computer then uses to "compose" an audio track live.

For old audio formats, it seems the Audacious media player is the free software solution that you should look for.

C64 SID files

Probably the most famous ancient audio format is the C64 SID format. The Commodore 64 had a special chip - the SID chip - for audio which has a very distinctive kind of sound. The High Voltage SID Collection (HVSC) contains around 40.000 SID tunes (though only 60 MB in size).

To play SID files, the SID chip needs to be emulated, as they basically contain code for the chip itself. The sidplay project seems to be abandoned since a few years, but there is sidplayfp, a fork trying to keep it alive. It has its own command line player. Worth mentioning may be that the SID files you find today didn't exist on a C64, they were invented for SID players on systems other than the C64. The concept of "files" with headers as we know today wasn't really existing there.

The Audacious player contains a plugin for libsidplay. There is also a plugin for the gstreamer framework, but it depends on a very old sidplay version.

ATARI SAP files

For ATARI SAP files, the story is quite similar to the SID one, although they're less popular. They contain code for the POKEY chip, which was used on 8-Bit-Atari-Computers. The Atari SAP Music Archive (ASMA) collects such music. Audacious plays the format out of the box.

Tracker formats (MOD, XM, IT)

Tracker or module formats became popular with the Amiga, which used the MOD format. It contains a couple of instruments and information how they should be played. Later, popular tracker software introduced new formats like XM (Fast Tracker 2), IT (Impulse Tracker) or S3M (Scream Tracker). Tracker formats are still popular within the Demoscene.

There are two free software solutions to play module formats - MikMod and ModPlug. MikMod was dead for a couple of years, but just recently it seems development has revived. Both played every module format I ever happened to see, so I don't make a specific recommendation. Audacious has a plugin for ModPlug.

Adlib and other small tracker formats

I'll start with a personal story here. Once I tried getting into assembler programming and created so-called 4K-Intros. I started this under DOS in a time when this was already fading out. For sound, I found a nice piece of software called the RAD tracker, which came with some assembler source code to play their own mini audio format.

There existed a couple of similar mini-tracker-formats, mostly for the Adlib sound chip. Pretty much every PC sound card in that time had the functionality of an Adlib sound chip. melcom's ChipTune Archive contains a collection of Adlib files.

AdPlug is our free software solution here and - you guess it - Audacious has a plugin for it. However, AdPlug was not able to play all the files in melcom's archive.

For example, there is a collection of files created with the Edlib Tracker. While there seems to be a Winamp Plugin and a Player for MacOS X, I found no free software to play the files. However, there's still the backup solution of emulation. The DOSBox emulator does a fine job and you can run the original Edlib player in it.

Video Game Music

There are vast collections of sound archives extracted from old console video games. As systems like a GameBoy or a NES don't have "files", these formats have been created afterwards by enthusiasts to collect the music. There's a whole number of them, you can find samples of files like NSF (Nintendo Sound Format for NES games) or GBS (Gameboy Sound) (you'll find many samples behind the links). There's something special about these: They usually don't have one file for a track, but one file for a game. So e. g. an NSF file contains a whole buch of sound tracks.

The solution to play them is called Game Music Emu. And - you already guess it - Audacious has a plugin for that.

Conclusion

Free software plays pretty well with all kinds of strange audio formats, although the situation is a bit more scattered than with streaming music, where you pretty much have one solution for everything (ffmpeg). I stumbled at least across one case where no free software solution was available - but emulation helps out.
Audacious seems to play a central role in supporting all kinds of audio files. It's available for Linux and for Windows (although I haven't tested if it plays everything under Windows as well - comments welcome).